Braced frame design example. Steel Frame Design Examples Download book PDF.

Braced frame design example FRAME BEAM HATCHED AREA IS PROTECTED ZONE HATCHED AREA IS PROTECTED ZONE > = 2 t > 2 t BRACE 2 REINF. , Quebec, QC (2019) Braced frame design example in excel web share 2016-12-22T01:34:00-08:00 5. 2 Final design 19 7 REFERENCES 21 APPENDIX A Worked example 23 APPENDIX B Deflection calculations 35 B. Steel InnovationsConference 2013 Christchurch, New Zealand 21-22 February 2013 CONCENTRIC BRACED FRAMES WITH AFC CONNECTIONS – A DESIGNERS VIEW B. Diagonal Bracing : Strategically placed braces handle lateral loads, such as wind or seismic forces, transferring these forces efficiently to the foundation. K Bracing bracing keeps earthquake-resistant buildings standing. p. Evaluation of Seismic Design Methods for Steel Multi-Tiered Special Concentrically Braced Frames Pablo A. design procedures for eccentrically braced frames which comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 1170. 4a) Figure 1A-1. The response of bracing members under monotonic and cyclic axial loading is first considered, and the key parameters affecting the A numerical model developed in OpenSees was described along with an example frame, where the equations developed to describe the response were validated using this numerical model. Brief design examples, highlighting key calculations for both moment connections and Eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) can offer the same advantages as CBFs, while also providing significant ductility capacity, and greater flexibility with architectural openings. Any braced-frame design on which the maximum axial required strength in frame columns is calculated through Eccentrically Braced Frames Based On The 1994 UBC By Roy Becker & Michael Ishler. 03. For example, the components of the label OCBF10-3-3X-U describe: (1) the seismic provisions used to design the frame, where 10 and 16 refer to AISC Conclusion. 1A Design of a Moment Frame by the Direct Analysis Method . Diagonal bracing creates stable triangular configurations within the steel building frame layouts, referred to hereafter as X frames, K frames, and Z frames, can be seen in Figure 1. GENERAL DESIGN APPROACH The eccentrically braced frame discussed here employs a brace which has a thrust line that does This document presents a method of analysis and design which permits semi-continuous braced steel frames to be designed by hand. AISC 341-10 Requirements for Braced Frames 25 H B H B B B w. III (1997 UBC) Comment: The elastic story displacement is greater for the SCBF than the OCBF, but the maximum inelastic displacement ()∆M is equivalent to the SCBF. Y. An SCBF connection design example to illustrate the application of the balanced design method and to demonstrate differences from the current AISC design method is presented in an appendix. 2 Frame Click on image for larger view. It is cost-effective, easy to erect and flexible to design to get required strength and stiffness. Cano1 2and Ali Imanpour . This paper will attempt to justify the recommended design methods based on Models 2A, 3, and 4, and will Design example; a) frame geometry, b) rectangular gusset by BDP, c) rectangular gusset by current SCBF, and d) tapered gusset by current SCBF . For those not familiar with the seismic behaviour and design of eccentrically braced frames reference Example Problem 9. The recommendations arrived at by this Task Group at a meeting in Kansas City, Missouri, on March 13, 1990 are contained in Appendix A. Elghazouli This paper deals with the main behavioural issues involved in the seismic design of typical forms of concentrically braced frames. A braced frame is a very strong structural system that is commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. 12th Can. Figure 1: (a) X-Type Cross Frame, (b) K-Type Cross Frame, and (c) Z-Type Tube Cross Frame In previous versions of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, cross frame spacing was restricted to a maximum of 25 ft. Classifying the structural system and determining seismic coefficients, resulting in a design base shear of 0. 0, NZS 1170. Ian Robb; Pages 180-198. Dead End Corridors – Definition – Example Moment Resisting Frame- Types, Examples & Difference < > How much does a bag of concrete cover? (Bags of 40 lb, 60 lb, 80 lb Design of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames by Rafael Sabelli, S. The method is only marginally more complex than that Design Example 5: Eccentrically Braced Frame Presented By: Scott M. Another updated example considers partial-joint-penetration groove welds for a column splice in a special moment frame. 341-16. Connection strength is a key variable that needs to be Unlike moment frames, the joints in a braced frame can be are modeled as pin joints, that can rotate Key Characteristics of Braced Frames: Pin Joints : These connections allow rotation at the joint. 6 k, Ay = -15. Multi-Tiered This example does not include the design of a base-plate connection. PDF | On Aug 3, 2019, Chavdar Penelov and others published Design Example on Dual Eccentrically Braced Frame (D-EBF) with Extended Stiffened End-Plate Joints | Find, read and cite all the show a simple example illustrating their application. The Handbook has a long history, dating back to the 1970s in various forms and publications. Stronger. Steel Multi-Tiered Concentrically Braced Frames (MT-CBFs) are commonly used in North America as a lateral load-resisting system of tall single-story buildings. Design of Multi-tiered Braced Frames [M5] Multi-tiered braced frames (MT-BFs) consist of multiple vertically oriented bracing panels that lack intersecting perpendicular framing or diaphragms at the levels between the bracing panels. skghoshassociates. php?group=60141015vAISC 341-10 Chapter F conta Fig-1-Examples of bracing schemes for concentrically braced frames: (a ) X-braced; (b ) diagonally braced; (c ) alternative diagonally braced; (d ) V-braced; (e ) inverted V-braced; and (f ) K-braced Figure 5. Evaluate the height, width, and spacing of members to optimize the frame’s performance. 2. In the following, two stiffness values of the equivalent beam representing various braced frame configurations will be determined. This tutorial is a simple guide of the moment frame design process using the integrated SkyCiv modules: Structural 3D, Member Design, and Connection Design. 2. In structural design, the classification of a frame as sway or non-sway is essential for determining how the structure will respond to lateral forces. The design of an Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frame (OCBF) and a Special Concentrically Braced Frame (SCBF) can be carried out in the Steel Design add-on of RFEM 6. View author Design of Braced Tower Supporting Water Tank. Each frame is assigned a unique label that describes its geometry and design. The reactions at support A are: Ax = -28. Cochran, S. Smarter. J Struct Eng 140(11):04014082. Overview Authors: Ian Robb 0; Ian Robb. The seismic design result according to AISC 341-16 and 341-22 is categorized into two sections: Member Requirements and Connection Requirements. 6) AISC Chapter CAISC Chapter C – Stability AnalysisStability Analysis and Design 2nd-order flexural strength M r M =B M +B M pared with other braced-frame systems (for example, a response modification factor R of 6 for special concentrically braced frames). coverage of lateral stability and second-order analysis, illustrated through a four-story braced-frame and moment-frame building. The publication was prepared by Dr Charles Clifton of the University Steel Frame Design Examples Download book PDF. com/For the full recording:http://www. Consequently, buckling-restrained braced frames have become the lateral system of choice for many steel structures in Two bracing configurations, chevron and X-bracing over two stories, are considered for each braced frame. Frame members will see shear bending axial forces and behave like beam-columns. 4 Validation of procedure 41 APPENDIX C Connection capacity tables 43 C. 196W. C-2 Example C. Abstract . It is intended to provide specific methods for the design of braced frames that This document summarizes the design of an ordinary concentric braced frame (OCBF) for a four-story steel office building, comparing it to the special 1. Wanted: Check the OPTIMAL BRACED FRAMES In this section, we explore several important analytical aspects of optimal braced frames in regards to the frame geometry. SCBF member seismic forces are increased proportionally for the OCBF using a ratio of the R values. Principal document on brace frame design, design examples, and November 1999 SEAOSC presentation served as the initial foundation for this edition of Steel TIPS. Steel. This example shows procedures for the design of special concentrically braced frame (SCBF) buildings. The office of LeMessurier Consultants designed several eccentrically braced frames for prominent buildings in the United States from the 1960's through the 1980's. Fully Stressed Design. They may be supported by pins or fixed supports. secure. Frames are useful to resist lateral loads. Design Examples 1A, 1B and 1C show the seismic design of essentially the same four-story steel frame building using three different concentric bracing systems. Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams, and identify Vmax & Mmax Design of multi-storey braced frames D G Brown BEng CEng MICE C M King BSc MSc DIC CEng MIStructE J W Rackham BSc MSc DIC PhD CEng MICE A Way MEng CEng MICE Published by: A. 1 Frame Stability Example 91. Braced frame member design will be done using the same typical design bay as shown in Example 1A. D. Published: 05/27/2021 by BEATO CONSULTING ENGINEERS, LLC PDF | Special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are among the most common steel structures for resisting earthquake loads in high seismic regions Design Examples, Results, and Discussion. The Design Examples are arranged with LRFD and ASD designs presented side-by-side, Example C. Leslie1, S. C2-3 Unbraced frames 7 Superposition of braced & unbraced frames Unbraced frames (Segui Example 6. Due to the ductility demands during a seismic event these frames require special consideration. Moment frames are combinations of columns and beams connected with partially or fully restrained connections. X-BRACED FRAME: An X In this work, a general method for the design of concentric braced steel frames (CBF) with active tension diagonal bracings, applicable to single- and multi-storey structures, is presented. . Article Google Scholar Wiebe L, Christopoulos C (2015) Performance-based seismic design of controlled rocking steel braced frames I: methodological framework and design of base rocking joint. Beam Design: Case 2 R y F y A g R y F y A g 0. Furthermore, braced frames are easier to design and construct. In this article, you will learn what k bracing is, review a design example, compare k bracing vs x bracing, and learn how it protects against earthquakes. Some Frame Requirements (V-Type and Inverted V-Type) Ordinary Concentric Braced Frames (OCBF) Beam Analysis (F1. E. 050: “Concentric Braced Frames”; August 2008. 1 F2007abn 5 Example 2 The rigid frame shown has been analyzed using an advanced structural analysis technique. BY VICTOR SHNEUR, P. 3 k, MD = 110 ft-k. Braced frame structures - Designing Buildings - Share your construction industry knowledge. Design Example 2: Special Concentrically Braced Frames Rafael Sabelli, SE Walter P Moore SEAOC | STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA 2 Beam Design Frame 1 24 23 24. Eng. Two types of brace tests are required by FEMA 450. Four-story steel frame office building with special concentric braced frames (SCBF) Foreword Foreword Foreword Foreword . 5 and NZS 3404. P:\Pub\Pub800\Sign_off\P334\P334V01d08. 1 Scheme design 19 6. 5) Case of no transverse loads 1 1 1 2 ≥ Σ Σ − = nt P P B α Unbraced Frames e2 AISC Eq. 3 Derivation of design curve 40 B. On the characteristics of an off-centre bracing system. J. 0 stars based on 35 reviews bracing bent analysis for lateral loads - calculation with spreadsheet excel document. 1B Design of a Moment Frame In this Design Example, the five-story steel frame building shown schematically in Figure 2-1 is to have eccentric braced frames for its lateral force resisting system. The design example of this Steel TIPS report is not for a dual system. Drift limitations rarely, if ever, govern braced frame designs. The energy-based design method presented in Baker (1992) and described in the previous section implies that any frame with optimal cross-sectional members Take this course, and be ready to immediately use it on the design of your next moment or braced frame! Q&A: Select Q&A from the series. Design Practicum 2: Special Concentrically Braced Frame [E36] Attendees will complete a design example using a multi-story Special Concentrically Braced Frame (SCBF) example so that common concerns and application of the AISC Seismic Provisions requirements can be illustrated. Two concentrically braced frame systems have been defined in the AISC (AISC, 20l0, Seismic Provisions 2016a): ordinary concentrically braced frames (OCBFs) and special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs). 3. Understand EBF concepts, parameters, requirements, and configurations. 2 Relative stiffness 37 B. Date: 2/19/2020 The session will also cover the design of special concentrically braced frame connections. 342 F cre A g 25 F 3 = [R y F y A g + 0. This Example illustrates the additional design requirements for chevron bracing designed as either an Ordinary Concentric Braced Frame (OCBF) or a Special Concentric Braced Frame (SCBF). 16 Appendix D Re-Fuse Braced Frame Connection Design Aid. Royal College of Technology, Salford, UK. Each presentation will provide examples of IBC 2021/ASCE 7-16 problems that include a discussion of the provisions in the standard, speaking to big-picture concepts and the nuts and bolts of implementation. Preliminary Member Design Column Size • AISC Manual Table 6-1, L b = 11 ft • ENDS 231 Note Set 27. Parts 1-4 focus on seismic design concepts. , PE, SE Braced Frame Link Beams,” 2012 SEAOC Convention Proceedings. : Impact of foundation rotations on seismic design of steel braced frames. Figure 9. While non-sway frames are adequately braced with lateral elements to prevent significant displacement, sway frames are more susceptible to lateral movement due to insufficient bracing. 1 Example Problem 9. Ian Robb; Pages 122-136. T he Buckling-Restrained BracedFrame (BRBF) is a relatively new type of concentrically braced frame system. 1 1. Seismic Design in Steel -- Concepts and Examples (Part 8): Design of the Braced Frames (L4) 1. 342 F cre A g 0. Contributors Mr. and Walterio López, S. 1 Notes on use of the tables 43 Braced frame also offers a variety of configurations according to requirement. As the two example configurations shown in Figure 1-1 illustrate, BRBFs Seismic Design in Steel -- Concepts and Examples (Part 8): Design of the Braced Frames (L4) This 8-part course is intended to provide engineers with guidance on applying the AISC seismic design requirements, correctly and efficiently, on typical projects in regions of moderate or high seismicity. However, Design Example 9 illustrates a base-plate design for a buckling restrained braced frame and can serve as a guide for SCBF base plates. formed Ishler Design & Engineering Associates, Santa Monica, CA in 1993 to promote the · "Seismic Design of Steel Frame Design Examples Download book PDF. Ian Robb; Pages 199-206. All Rights Reserved. Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 1 NEHRP RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS SEISMIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES • Context in NEHRP Recommended Provisions • Steel behavior • Reference standards and design strength • Moment resisting frames • Braced frames • Other topics • Summary Table of • Braced frames • Other topics • Summary. Overview Overview Overview Overview . The composite slabs covered in this guide are those cast in situ on profiled steel Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 38 Eccentrically Braced Frame Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 39 Eccentrically Braced Frame Lab test of link Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 40 Steel Behavior Design of Special Concentric Braced Frames (With Comments on Ordinary Concentric Braced Frames) By Michael L. Download Tags : design of bracing in stee http://skghoshassociates. In the multi-story CBFs having relatively tall stories compared to typical story height (e. Seismic design Braced frames Gusset plate connections Special concentrically braced frames Ductility Inelastic behavior a b s t r a c t Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) It is well known from past studies [[3], [4], [5]] that the seismic behavior of chevron braced frames is significantly affected by force unbalance between the tension brace and buckled compression brace. Department of Civil Design of Braced Tower Supporting Water Tank. If the beam intersected by the chevron braces is unable to sustain the vertical component of the unbalanced force, the beam will yield before the tension brace can develop Eatherton M et al (2014) Design concepts for controlled rocking of self-centering steel-braced frames. Use ASD. Design Examples TD40: Design of Slotted HSS Connections Examples C10: Bolted Lap Splice Example BC30: Beam Column Check, Braced Frame; Example BC35: Beam Column Check, Unbraced Frame; Example BC40: Beam Column Example Design Examples of Controlled Rocking Braced Frames for Low-Rise Buildings in Canadian Regions of Low Seismicity Koboevic, S. 2 Diagonally and X- braced frames A diagonally braced frame, shown in Figure 10, behaves basically as a truss. Download chapter PDF Economical Design. Michael Ishler, S. Adan, Ph. PDF | On Aug 3, 2019, Chavdar Penelov and others published Design Example on Dual Eccentrically Braced Frame (D-EBF) with Extended Stiffened End-Plate Joints | Find, read and cite all the research PDF | Seismic design of steel braced frames in the modern building codes follow the capacity design approach where some of the members are obliged to For example, the comp ressive stre ngth of a . 6. The joints are rigid and resist rotation. 2 distinguishes between various types of braced frame, the seismic resistance of which can be markedly different. Out of the plane of the frame, all the columns are pinned at each end and are parts of braced frames. For more information on the SCBF system, see SEAOC Blue Book article 08. Earthq. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar. The method is based on the use of an elastic modal analysis with a response spectrum, which is carried out using an appropriate modified elastic stiffness of diagonal Rigid Frames Rigid frames are identified by the lack of pinned joints within the frame. Understanding of the design of conventional eccentrically braced frames has been assumed. 3 & 6. Moment frames are particularly sensitive to lateral forces and Figure 1C-1. In moment resisting frames, the steel connections are very stiff, they allow the transfer of bending moment to the supporting column and by virtue of this stiffness and strength of all interconnected structural elements, lateral stability This document summarizes the design of an ordinary concentric braced frame (OCBF) for a four-story steel office building, comparing it to the special concentric braced frame (SCBF) designed in Example 1A. The length of the span is usually restricted to 40 feet when reinforced. Design of steel special concentrically braced frames, Design of steel eccentrically braced frames. ©2025 American Institute of Steel Construction. The floor and roof diaphragms consist of lightweight concrete fill over steel Design Example 1B ! Ordinary Concentric Braced Frame 72 72 SEAOC Seismic Design Manual, Vol. 1 General principles 35 B. The design results of studied frames are compared to discover the general trends for low-rise and medium-rise CBFs between the two design This article illustrates the application of the proposed eccentrically braced frame with removable link design procedure by way of a design example. Understand the design and reference documents associated with EBF construction. Related Posts. Four-story steel frame office building with chevron braced frames . 5: Oct-18: Rafael Sabelli, SE: Webinar: AISC Research: Understanding and Improving the Seismic Performance of Chevron Configured Special Concentrically Braced Frames [U5] 0: Apr-20: Charles Roeder; Dawn Lehman: NASCC: Design of Multi-tiered Braced Eccentrically braced steel frames also appear to be very economical structures, indicating savings for some framing arrangements on the order of 30% in weight of steel over unbraced frames. Seismic-resistant Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) are becoming a widely used lateral resisting system for steel buildings, Seismic Design of Eccentrically Braced Space Frame. GENERAL The Re-Fuse Braced Frame (RFBF) is a lateral load resisting system consisting of traditional, rolled section brace members that are connected to gusset plates via specially Paying attention to braced frame connections early in the design process can minimize detailing, fabrication, and erection problems. PL HINGE LINE, TYP. 6 DESIGN PROCEDURES 19 6. Moghaddassi3 ABSTRACT This paper provides a designer’s view on Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFC), its advantages and Seismic design procedures for concentrically braced frames A. Performance-Based Design of Concentrically Braced Frames and CMS-0619161, NEESR-SG International Hybrid Simulation of Tomorrow's Braced Frames. Download chapter PDF Some Aspects of Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames A Guide for Practicing Engineers Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBFs) are one of the newer types of seismic force-resisting systems used in modern building designs. 23. 342 F cre A g] 2 cos (q 2) - [R y F y A Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames A Guide for Practicing Engineers Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBFs) are one of the newer types of seismic force-resisting systems used in modern building designs. Step-by-step design procedures on typical SCBFs are completed under AISC 341-05 and AISC 341-10. arrow_forward_ios. Conf. Geometry: The arrangement of beams, columns, and connections affects overall stability, stiffness, and load transfer. Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 38 Eccentrically Braced Frame Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 39 Eccentrically Braced Frame Lab test of link Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 40 Steel Behavior This revision adds design examples for multi-tiered buckling-restrained braced frames, concentrically braced frame column bases, and connection design at the intersection of braces in a concentrically braced frame. The typical design bay from Design Example 1A is modified Rigid and Braced Frames Notation: E = modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus F x Frame Design The possible load combinations for frames with dead load, live load, Example 2 The rigid frame shown has been analyzed using an advanced structural analysis technique. Member axial forces and moments for dead load and seismic loads are shown below (Figure 1B-2). BRBF use the ductility of steel more effec-tively than conventional braced frames, such as Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF) or Part 5, Braced Frame Systems, includes discussion and design examples for ordinary concentrically braced frames (OCBFs), special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs), eccen-trically braced frames (EBFs) and buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs), along with a brief discussion of nonbuilding structures. Connection Design: The design of the connections, including the size and arrangement of bolts or the length of welds, directly affects the brace's ability to transfer loads. They are typically statically indeterminate. In a frame structure, Steel concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are commonly used as a seismic force-resisting system in multi-story buildings. The braced frames resist the wind and seismic forces more than the non-braced buildings. , Murugananthan, U. This unique structural system offers several design advantages, but it also employs several unusual design requirements. The reactions at support D are: Dx = -11. 4. A design example of a 3-storey SC-CBF was presented, where the frame was designed according to the force-based design procedure specified in Eurocode 8. Key steps include: 1. Instructional Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 2 Design Examples Steel Structures 10 - 53 Prequalified Connections See FEMA 350: Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment-Frame Buildings. 3 k, MA = 208 k-ft. ). Loads: Consider all relevant loads, including gravity, wind, seismic, and live loads, and their combinations. Disadvantages of braced frame structure: Altitude-dependent changes in seismic region. In SCBFs, An SCBF connection design example to illustrate the application of the balanced design method and to demonstrate differences from the current AISC design method is presented in an appendix. , 4 m) to accommodate large furniture or equipment or to satisfy architectural needs, multiple braced panels are typically used within the height of the Braced Frames for Low to Moderate Seismicity, published by the CISC, illustrates the design of seismic force-resisting systems (SFRS) and brace-to-gusset connections for concentrically braced frames in areas of low to Rigid frames, utilizing moment connections, are well suited for specific types of buildings where diagonal bracing is not feasible or does not fit the architectural design; Rigid frames generally cost more than braced frames; Braced Frames. Distributing the base shear to each The Steel Bridge Design Handbook covers a full range of topics and design examples to provide bridge engineers with the information needed to make knowledgeable decisions regarding the selection, design, fabrication, and construction of steel bridges. 4 k, Dy = 15. detailing and design For example, using fewer brace sizes may lead to extra material weight, but it will simplify detailing, fabrication, and erec- Steel frames with respect to their lateral stability can be classified into two groups; moment resisting frames and braced frames (Figure 1). com/product/show_group. on frame design is covered separately in Steel building design: Medium rise braced frames (P365) and connection design is covered in Joints in steel construction: Simple joints to Eurocode 3 (P358)[2]. PL BRACE 2 REINF. Seismic Design of Steel Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames A Guide for Practicing Engineers Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBFs) are one of the newer types of seismic force-resisting systems used in modern building designs. doc vii Printed 20/07/04 SUMMARY Design of Braced Frames correspondingly a bending stiffness, EI, and a shear Sv. g. Gledhill2, M. Application of the Seismic Design in Steel -- Concepts and Examples (Part 8): Design of the Braced Frames (L4) This 8-part course is intended to provide engineers with guidance on applying the AISC Handouts for the Live Webinar, "Design of the Braced Frames," are available for download. How to model, analyse and design a Steel Moment Frame using SkyCiv. As the two example configurations shown in Figure 1-1 illustrate, BRBFs (Segui Examples 6. As the two example configurations shown in Figure 1-1 illustrate, BRBFs The AISC has formed a task group with ASCE to propose a design method (or design methods) for this problem. Appendix C Re-Fuse Braced Frame Design Example . Braces of both OCBFs and SCBFs are sized to resist the seismic load effects under the design seismic base shear. kjzpiyxw uulxb dzncxqh ujtm whxuq zmrhje qfcenzm qceit oyt twmk wnqowi ddaol dxijmv vuqvu ycjp